Importance of Hydration Before, During, and After Firefighting Interventions to Prevent Heat Stroke and Improve Physical Recovery in the Riobamba Fire Department.

Abstract

The present article analyzes the importance of hydration before, during, and after firefighting interventions in the Riobamba Fire Department, with the aim of preventing heat stroke and optimizing the physical recovery of operational personnel. Through a qualitative methodology based on documentary review and contextual analysis, it was identified that dehydration represents a significant risk to firefighters’ health and performance, affecting both their physical and cognitive capacity and increasing the probability of accidents during emergencies. The research problem is posed as the lack of institutional protocols adapted to local conditions, which limits the effectiveness of international recommendations and leaves personnel exposed to higher levels of vulnerability and risk. The results show that the prevention of heat stroke should be considered a priority in occupational safety management, integrating systematic hydration measures, recovery breaks, physiological monitoring, and awareness programs that promote a culture of self-care. The relevance of post-fire recovery is also highlighted, as it is often underestimated but proves essential to prevent muscular and renal complications. Finally, it is important to note that within the conclusions, the implementation of local protocols, applied research with local resources, and strategic partnerships with academic and international institutions constitute the foundation for strengthening personnel’s overall health and improving operational efficiency. These contributions can become a replicable model for other fire departments in similar contexts.