High consequence protocol (hcp) approach for work at heights in underground and surface mining environments.

Abstract

Working at heights represents one of the most critical and high-risk activities in the mining sector, both in underground and surface operations. This type of work involves continuous exposure to falls, entrapments, collisions, and other high-consequence incidents that can result in severe injuries or fatalities. Given these conditions, mining operations require structured and standardized procedures to ensure worker protection and operational continuity. Therefore, this study presents the development of a High Consequence Protocol (HCP) designed to enhance occupational safety through rigorous technical planning, effective supervision, and the integration of monitoring technologies within Ecuadorian mining environments. The main objective of this research was to design and validate a protocol model applicable to national mining operations, in alignment with ISO 45001:2018, Executive Decree 255, and the Ecuadorian Mining Safety Regulations. The methodological framework was based on a qualitative approach, including the application of a Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) matrix, a comparative review of international safety standards, and the evaluation of operational practices in high-consequence mining environments. The results demonstrate that implementing the HCP significantly reduces risk levels to moderate or acceptable categories. This outcome is attributed to the establishment of hierarchical control mechanisms, the mandatory use of certified personal protective equipment, and continuous technical supervision. Furthermore, incorporating real-time monitoring and telemetry systems improves early incident detection, optimizes rescue response times, and enhances the traceability of preventive measures. In conclusion, the proposed HCP constitutes a strategic tool for strengthening preventive culture within the Ecuadorian mining industry.