Risk analysis of exposure to toxic contaminants among operational personnel of the Ibarra Fire Department during structural fires in urban homes.

Abstract

Operational personnel of the Ibarra Fire Department face a high level of risk during interventions in structural fires due to constant exposure to toxic contaminants present in smoke and combustion gases. This research analyzes the risk of exposure to these substances among firefighters in the Ibarra canton during structural fires in urban dwellings, with the aim of identifying the most critical factors affecting their occupational health. Through a descriptive and analytical approach, data were collected on exposure frequency, use of respiratory protective equipment, environmental conditions, and symptoms associated with the inhalation of harmful compounds. The results show that insufficient use of protective equipment and prolonged presence in areas with high smoke concentration significantly increase the likelihood of respiratory, dermal, and cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, the study identified the need to strengthen safety protocols and training in chemical emergency management. The lack of maintenance and periodic replacement of personal protective equipment aggravates associated risks, as it reduces the equipment’s effectiveness against the infiltration of toxic gases and fine particles. This research highlights the importance of implementing preventive strategies focused on technical inspection and timely replacement of specialized equipment, as well as the development of institutional policies and biological monitoring programs that safeguard the physical integrity of operational personnel, ensuring an effective and safe response to urban structural emergencies.