Ergonomic Analysis of Operational Tasks in the Riobamba Fire Department for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Injuries and Performance Improvement.

Abstract

Applied ergonomics in emergency services represents a priority research field due to the high exposure of firefighters to physical and operational risks. In Riobamba, the duties of the Fire Department involve handling heavy loads, prolonged use of personal protective equipment, and activities in extreme environmental conditions, which contribute to the onset of musculoskeletal injuries that affect both health and performance. To address this issue, a qualitative analysis was carried out based on a review of recent scientific literature, field observations, and semi-structured interviews with operational staff. The study identified critical ergonomic factors associated with physical overload and the inadequate adaptation of tools and equipment. Likewise, the absence of systematic preventive strategies in the local context was recognized, increasing personnel vulnerability and compromising institutional sustainability. The findings highlight the need to implement functional fitness programs, active breaks during shifts, applied ergonomics training, innovation in equipment design, and rehabilitation protocols for injured firefighters. It is confirmed that ergonomics not only contributes to reducing the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders but also strengthens the sense of belonging and work motivation, as it is perceived as a comprehensive care strategy. The incorporation of this discipline as a transversal axis in the institutional management of the Riobamba Fire Department is projected as a key measure to ensure both worker safety and the quality of service provided to the community.