Biomechanical impact and neuromuscular response during fire control in firefighters Paute

Analysis based on the Ergo IBV assisted assessment methodology.

Abstract

Firefighting is performed in environments characterized by high physical, thermal, and psychosocial demands, where biomechanical, neuromuscular, and environmental factors converge, increasing injury risk and affecting operational performance. This study analyzes physical and biomechanical demands associated with fire suppression and overhaul tasks, considering the influence of personal protective equipment, superficial and deep muscle activation, thermal stress, and occupational stress inherent to firefighting. Evidence shows that prolonged use of protective equipment alters movement biomechanics, increases musculoskeletal load, and accelerates fatigue, particularly during sustained activities such as the overhaul phase. High levels of muscle activation and neuromuscular coactivation are required to maintain postural stability and motor control in unstable operational conditions, thereby increasing mechanical stress on the musculoskeletal system. Thermal stress, resulting from metabolic heat accumulation and limited heat dissipation through protective clothing, is associated with reduced physical capacity, impaired cognitive performance, and elevated perceived exertion. Occupational stress further amplifies physiological responses to effort, limits recovery capacity, and contributes to cumulative fatigue. Within this context, the ERGO IBV methodology is presented as an effective tool for comprehensive ergonomic risk assessment, enabling identification of critical tasks, quantification of biomechanical exposure, and development of evidence-based preventive recommendations. Integrating ERGO IBV outcomes into prevention programs supports informed decision making, improves occupational health surveillance, and guides task redesign, training strategies, and organizational measures. Overall, a multidimensional preventive approach addressing biomechanical, thermal, and psychosocial factors is essential to protect firefighters’ health, enhance operational efficiency, and ensure long-term sustainability of emergency response services under extreme and unpredictable operational conditions.