Creation and implementation of the protocol for the management of post-traumatic stress in the mental health of operational personnel of the El Pangui Fire Department.

Abstract

The operational work within the El Pangui Fire Department involves chronic exposure to traumatic events, a critical situation exacerbated by a rigorous 48-hour continuous shift regimen. This schedule severely limits physiological recovery, alters circadian rhythms, and significantly increases the risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among personnel. Consequently, the central objective of this research was to design a psychosocial intervention protocol specifically adapted to the operational and cultural needs of this institution, while aligning rigorously with Ecuadorian occupational safety regulations. Methodologically, the study adopted a qualitative approach with a descriptive-propositional scope, grounded in an exhaustive systematic literature review regarding mental health in first responders and a detailed legal analysis of the COESCOP and IESS regulations concerning workplace safety. Diagnostic results revealed that specific factors such as "double presence" and an organizational culture stigmatizing emotional vulnerability effectively hinder the early detection of pathologies. In response, a technical protocol was developed based on the Stress First Aid (SFA) model, structured into three strategic levels of action: a preventive phase (Green Zone) focusing on psychoeducation and daily monitoring; a crisis intervention phase (Yellow/Orange Zone) utilizing immediate defusing and peer support; and a restoration phase (Red Zone) incorporating referral protocols to evidence-based therapies like EMDR. It is concluded that implementing this psychosocial risk management system is an indispensable ethical and legal imperative to preserve the troops' mental health, optimize decision-making during emergencies, and guarantee the long-term sustainability and efficiency of the public service provided to the community.