Analysis of physical risks in vehicle rescue operations in the Riobamba Fire Department

Proposed risk prevention plan.

Abstract

Firefighting activities contain highly specialized functions carried out in contexts of elevated risk, with fire suppression, rescue operations, and prehospital care standing out as fundamental pillars of operational management. It provides a comprehensive analysis of vehicle rescue as one of the most critical interventions performed by firefighters, due to the technical complexity of its procedures and the constant exposure to occupational hazards, particularly physical risks that affect operational personnel. From regulatory and operational perspective, this study examines the stages of vehicle rescue, including scene size-up and assessment, vehicle stabilization, victim extrication, and effective coordination with emergency medical services. Each phase requires precise decision-making, technical skill, and strict adherence to established protocols ensuring victim survival and responder safety. Likewise, the main physical risks associated with these operations are identified, such as impacts, crushing and entrapment, excessive muscular strain, exposure to high noise levels, vibrations, extreme temperatures, and hazardous substances. These factors could cause both acute injuries and long-term chronic conditions among firefighters if not properly managed. The methodology applied is a direct deductive and qualitative approach, which enables the present study. The findings highlight the importance of integrating Occupational Safety and Health as a cross-cutting axis within fire service management. Emphasis is placed on continuous training, standardization of procedures, proper use of personal protective equipment, and rigorous application of operational protocols. It represents a significant contribution to strengthening preventive culture, systematic risk management, operational efficiency, and the quality of care provided to victims, consolidating a safe, effective, and sustainable institutional response.