Occupational factors that affect the overall health of firefighters in Loja

catastrophic illnesses, work-related stress, ergonomic disorders, which impair performance and quality of life.

Abstract

The work performed by the operational personnel of the Loja Fire Department takes place in a context characterized by high exposure to physical, ergonomic, and psychosocial risks, which directly impact their overall health, operational performance, and quality of life. This study aims to analyze the main occupational factors affecting firefighters, considering their relationship with the onset of catastrophic illnesses, work-related stress, and ergonomic disorders, from a biopsychosocial perspective of occupational health. The research was conducted using a descriptive and qualitative approach, based on a literature review and documentary analysis of academic, scientific, and regulatory sources related to occupational health in emergency services. The results show that prolonged exposure to toxic agents, high temperatures, and extreme physical exertion increases the risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, and oncological diseases. A high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders associated with lifting heavy loads, prolonged use of personal protective equipment, and adopting awkward postures during emergencies was also identified. Furthermore, it was found that chronic work-related stress, emotional fatigue, and burnout syndrome significantly affect the mental health of operational personnel, especially in contexts where there is limited availability of institutional psychological support. The need to implement comprehensive prevention strategies that strengthen medical monitoring, applied ergonomics, and ongoing psychological support is highlighted, in order to guarantee safe, humane, and sustainable working conditions for firefighters.