Analysis of the Main Occupational Risks in the Municipal Fire Department of the Pastaza Canton

A Theoretical Review Based on Current Regulations

Abstract

The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach, supported by a systematic document review, with the purpose of analyzing the occupational risks present in the Pastaza Canton Fire Department. The analytical method was applied to examine national and international regulations on occupational safety and health, as well as scientific studies related to firefighting. The main technique used was a bibliographic analysis of secondary sources, including current Ecuadorian legislation and international standards such as ISO 45001. The study identified the main occupational risks faced by operational personnel, considering the environmental, geographical, and social conditions specific to the Amazon region. Therefore, the institutional scope of the Pastaza Fire Department was analyzed, including its social and operational functions, along with its constant exposure to physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial risks arising from emergency response. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was performed between Ecuadorian legislation and international standards, revealing conceptual similarities but also gaps in their practical application. The results reflect structural limitations related to the availability of resources, continuous training, personal protective equipment, and attention to the mental health of personnel. Therefore, it is concluded that although the country has an adequate regulatory framework, its implementation is partial, highlighting the need to strengthen preventive management systems adapted to the Amazonian context that incorporate constant training, institutional psychological support, and the application of international standards.