Analysis of the critical risks associated with the use of heavy machinery in confined spaces in subway mining operations.

Abstract

This research study analyzes the risk factors associated with the operation of heavy machinery in confined spaces. The study is developed using a qualitative and descriptive approach, with documentary review as the primary methodology. Information is collected from technical reports, current regulations, and academic studies to identify the main causes of accidents, technical conditions of the equipment, and the influence of human factors such as occupational fatigue. The results indicate that operating heavy machinery in tunnels and galleries involves significant risks due to limited visibility, reduced maneuvering space, and the complexity of handling large equipment in constrained environments. Furthermore, the study highlights that equipment design, operator training, and working conditions are key factors contributing to the occurrence of workplace accidents. The findings show that a lack of ergonomic equipment, insufficient safety systems, and exposure to long working hours without adequate rest increase the likelihood of human error and incidents. The study concludes that most accidents could have been avoided through improved safety management, the redesign of machinery suited to underground conditions, and the implementation of specific training programs focused on confined space operations. Additionally, it was found that inadequate technical standards and the absence of proper preventive maintenance significantly contributed to the risks identified. In summary, the findings offer a comprehensive foundation for future preventive strategies and underscore the need to prioritize occupational safety as an essential and cross-functional component of mining operations in underground environments. Promoting a strong safety culture and adopting proactive risk management practices are critical to safeguarding worker health and operational efficiency