Implementation of Strategies for Risk Prevention in Interventions Related to Chemical Products for the Operational Personnel of the Riobamb Fire Department.

Abstract

Emergency interventions involving chemical products are a risk to the safety and health of operational personal in fire departments. In the context of the Riobamba Fire Department, exposure to hazardous substances such as toxic gases, corrosive liquids, flammable materials, and biological agents requires the implementation of structured prevention strategies to ensure a safe and effective response. This research article aims to analyze and propose strategies for the prevention of risk factors involving chemical products, based on a qualitative methodological approach. The study is based in a bibliographic review of national and international regulations, technical standards, operational protocols, and recent scientific literature related to hazardous materials management. The methodology is qualitative and descriptive, focusing on the analysis of Ecuadorian legal frameworks, including occupational safety regulations, as international standards such as those issued by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG 2024). The analysis highlights operational gaps in the management of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) incidents, particularly regarding protocol standardization, continuous training, interinstitutional coordination, also the maintenance of personal protective equipment. The results emphasize the need to strengthen institutional welfare through the formalization of specialized HAZMAT units, the implementation of standardized operational protocols, and the integration of the Incident Command System (ICS). Is concluded that the application of prevention strategies specifically designed and adapted to the local context is essential to reduce environmental risks. These strategies must be considering geographical, social, and economic factors to ensure their effectiveness in emergency scenarios.