Implementation of Safety Standards and Prevention of Occupational Risk Types in the Offices of Advisory and Micro-Enterprise Services in Sangolquí.

Abstract

This article analyzes the implementation of occupational safety and health standards and the prevention of workplace hazards in consulting firms and microenterprises located in Sangolquí, Ecuador. Although these environments are generally considered low-risk, the study reveals the presence of ergonomic, psychosocial, physical, and electrical hazards that directly impact the health and productivity of workers. The study is based on national and international regulations and theoretical contributions from organizations specializing in occupational safety and health. It examines the current Ecuadorian legal framework, including the Constitution of the Republic, the Labor Code, the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, and the resolutions of the Andean Community, all of which establish the employer's obligation to guarantee safe and healthy working conditions, regardless of the company's size. The analysis identifies ergonomic hazards as the predominant risks, associated with prolonged postures, continuous use of computer screens, and inadequate furniture. Physical and electrical hazards are also identified, stemming from inadequate lighting, makeshift electrical installations, and a lack of preventive maintenance. These factors can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, mental fatigue, decreased performance, and absenteeism. The identification, assessment, and control of risks are highlighted as cornerstones of preventive management, proposing methodologies adapted to the realities of micro-enterprises and the application of the hierarchy of controls. Finally, it is concluded that the implementation of occupational safety and health standards is feasible through practical and low-cost actions, such as ergonomic workplace adjustments, active breaks, ongoing training, and the promotion of a preventative culture, thus contributing to improved quality of work life and organizational sustainability in Sangolquí