Proposal for a Protocol for the Prevention and Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Maintenance Workers of the Fajardo Corporate Group in Guayaquil

Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are conditions that affect the proper functioning of muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and nerves, ranging from mild discomfort to severe disability. These conditions are among the leading causes of absenteeism and work disability worldwide, particularly in physically demanding sectors. While MSDs can arise from various factors, a significant portion is directly linked to unfavorable workplace conditions. Contributing factors include awkward postures, repetitive movements, heavy load handling, exposure to vibrations or extreme temperatures, as well as psychosocial and individual elements. In Ecuador, although a solid regulatory framework exists — including the Labor Code, Executive Decree 255, ISO 45001, and Ministry of Labor guidelines — there remains a gap in practical and contextualized implementation, especially in sectors like maintenance and the fishing industry. As a result, the development of specific preventive ergonomic protocols is essential, such as the one proposed in this study for the workers of Grupo Corporativo Fajardo in Guayaquil. Effective prevention strategies include the promotion of occupational health, continuous staff training, ergonomic evaluation of workstations, and the implementation of active breaks. Companies are encouraged to adopt a comprehensive approach to occupational risk management that goes beyond regulatory compliance to focus on the physical and psychological well-being of workers, ultimately benefiting employees, organizations, and the country as a whole.