Analysis ergonomic of workstations in industrial environments

Analysis ergonomic of workstations in industrial environments: risk assessment and improvement proposals.

Abstract

This article aims to analyze ergonomic risks present in industrial work environments and propose improvement strategies focused on promoting the physical, mental, and organizational well-being of workers. Using a qualitative approach, recent scientific literature, technical standards, and case studies were reviewed to identify the main physical, mechanical, chemical, psychosocial, and environmental risk factors. The study addresses the three fundamental dimensions of ergonomics—physical, cognitive, and organizational—highlighting their interrelation with occupational health and job performance. Prominent evaluation tools include the REBA, RULA, and OWAS methods, as well as emerging technologies such as inertial sensors, biomechanical simulations, and artificial intelligence systems. Findings reveal a considerable gap between theoretical knowledge and the practical implementation of ergonomic measures, particularly within small and medium-sized industries, where persistent structural limitations are evident. These include insufficient technical training of staff, limited financial resources, and a lack of institutional commitment. It is recommended to implement continuous staff training programs, anthropometric redesign of workspaces, active worker involvement in assessment and design processes, and the integration of ergonomic principles into quality and occupational safety management systems. The article concludes that fostering an effective ergonomic culture requires a preventive, interdisciplinary, and inclusive approach, in which employers, employees, and governmental bodies share co-responsibility for designing safer, more equitable, and sustainable workplaces. Ergonomics not only mitigates the risks of work-related injuries but also contributes significantly to enhancing productivity, job satisfaction, and overall organizational efficiency. Therefore, its application should be regarded as a strategic priority across all levels of industrial operations