Reuse of treated water in fighting forest fires in Quito

Implications for occupational safety and health and operational sustainability of emergency brigades.

Abstract

The increasing frequency and intensity of forest fires, together with the ongoing water crisis affecting Ecuador, highlights the urgent need to explore sustainable and innovative alternatives for water resource management during emergency situations. In this context, this study aims to analyze the feasibility of using treated wastewater in forest firefighting operations in Quito, considering its implications for the occupational safety and health of emergency brigades, its contribution to operational sustainability and environmental protection. The research was conducted using a qualitative methodological approach, based on a systematic review of recent scientific literature, international guidelines, national regulations, and technical documents related to treated wastewater reuse, forest fire management, climate change adaptation, and occupational health and safety standards. This comprehensive analysis made it possible to identify the main physical, biological, chemical risks associated with, including potential exposure to pathogens, chemical contaminants, which may affect firefighters’ health if not properly managed. At the same time, the study highlights significant operational benefits, such as the reduction of potable water consumption, improved availability of water resources during prolonged emergencies, and increased resilience in drought-prone and water-stressed contexts. The results indicate that the use of treated wastewater is technically feasible, provided that strict water quality parameters are met, and continuous training of emergency personnel is strengthened. However, regulatory and institutional the current Ecuadorian legal framework, which limit the formal application of treated wastewater in emergency response scenarios. In conclusion, treated wastewater reuse represents a sustainable, viable, and relevant strategy for forest fire suppression in Quito, it is supported by a clear regulatory.